Prior research was reviewed as the first step in developing this scale. Lee (1974) [1] proposed the Color Wheel Theory of Love, which classified love behavior into six distinct types. Hendrick & Hendrick (1986) [2] subsequently developed the Love Attitudes Scale (LAS) based on Lee's typology. In Japan, Matsui et al. (1990) [3] developed a love style scale drawing on the LAS. These prior works served as the primary references in the development of this assessment.

Three questions were developed for each of the six love styles. A team of certified psychologists, clinical psychologists, and graduates of psychology master's programs reviewed and refined the question items. The final question items are as follows.

• ● Ludus
• 1. I enjoy the thrill of playing hard to get.
• 2. I enjoy watching a romantic connection develop over time.
• 3. I sometimes find myself attracted to more than one person at once.
• ● Pragma
• 4. When pursuing a relationship, I consider the other person's future prospects.
• 5. I tend to be cautious about pursuing someone whose life situation is unstable.
• 6. I pay attention to a person's professional status or educational background.
• ● Storge
• 7. I want a relationship with my partner that feels like a close friendship.
• 8. I want to be able to talk openly about anything, the way close friends do.
• 9. My ideal partner is someone I can enjoy shared hobbies and interests with.
• ● Agape
• 10. I tend to prioritize my partner's wishes over my own.
• 11. I am drawn to people who have vulnerabilities or struggles.
• 12. I genuinely enjoy devoting myself to the person I love.
• ● Eros
• 13. I believe physical intimacy is an essential part of a romantic relationship.
• 14. Physical affection and closeness are important to me in a relationship.
• 15. I want both myself and my partner to take care of our appearance.
• ● Mania
• 16. I tend to be jealous and worry about my partner being unfaithful.
• 17. Once I fall for someone, they stay on my mind constantly.
• 18. I sometimes worry that my partner will lose interest in me.

● Number of Questions

6 factors × 3 questions each

● 3-Point Scale

Yes / Neutral / No — each response is scored accordingly

● High / Moderate / Low Threshold per Factor

5 to 6　　High　　3 to 4　　Moderate　　0 to 2　　Low

For each style, the results include a description of key characteristics, points to be aware of, and recommended articles.

For each love style, we provided an evaluation of approximately 1,000 characters covering key characteristics and points to be aware of. The content was developed based on prior research and the clinical experience of the authors.

This assessment has not been subjected to factor analysis or checks for reliability and validity. It reflects the professional judgment of specialists, but please note that it lacks sufficient statistical grounding and is not intended for use in academic research.

[1] Lee, J. A. (1977). A typology of styles of loving. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3, 172–182.

[2] Hendrick, C., & Hendrick, S. (1986). A theory and method of love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 392–402.

[3] Matsui, Y., Tokusa, T., Tatsuzawa, H., Okubo, H., Omae, H., Okamura, M., & Yoneda, Y. (1990). Development of a measurement scale for romantic love in young adults. Bulletin of Tokyo Metropolitan Tachikawa Junior College, 23, 13–23.

* Additional References

· Toyota, H., & Kishida, M. (2006). Development of a simplified love attitude scale for educational use. Research Bulletin of the Integrated Center for Education, 15, 1–5.

· Mizuno, K. (2006). Development of a romantic psychology scale and characteristics of romantic tendencies. Seisen Ronso, 14, 35–52.